Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Morrison CD. Blaming the brain for obesity: integration of hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1728–38.
Google Scholar
Campos A, Port JD, Acosta A. Integrative hedonic and homeostatic food intake regulation by the central nervous system: insights from neuroimaging. Brain Sci. 2022;12:431.
Eiselt AK, Chen S, Chen J, Arnold J, Kim T, Pachitariu M, et al. Hunger or thirst state uncertainty is resolved by outcome evaluation in medial prefrontal cortex to guide decision-making. Nat Neurosci. 2021;24:907–12.
Google Scholar
Carnell S, Wardle J. Appetitive traits and child obesity: measurement, origins and implications for intervention. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67:343–55.
Google Scholar
Llewellyn C, Wardle J. Behavioral susceptibility to obesity: gene-environment interplay in the development of weight. Physiol Behav. 2015;152:494–501.
Google Scholar
Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2001;42:963–70.
Google Scholar
Carnell S, Wardle J. Measuring behavioural susceptibility to obesity: validation of the child eating behaviour questionnaire. Appetite. 2007;48:104–13.
Google Scholar
Ashcroft J, Semmler C, Carnell S, van Jaarsveld CH, Wardle J. Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62:985–90.
Google Scholar
Jansen E, Thapaliya G, Beauchemin J, D’Sa V, Deoni S, Carnell S. The development of appetite: tracking and age-related differences in appetitive traits in childhood. Nutrients. 2023;15:1377.
Kininmonth A, Smith A, Carnell S, Steinsbekk S, Fildes A, Llewellyn C. The association between childhood adiposity and appetite assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;22:e13169.
Google Scholar
Devoto F, Zapparoli L, Bonandrini R, Berlingeri M, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, et al. Hungry brains: a meta-analytical review of brain activation imaging studies on food perception and appetite in obese individuals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;94:271–85.
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Wu Q, Morys F. Brain responses to high-calorie visual food cues in individuals with normal-weight or obesity: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2021;11:1587.
Stover PJ, Field MS, Andermann ML, Bailey RL, Batterham RL, Cauffman E, et al. Neurobiology of eating behavior, nutrition, and health. J Intern Med. 2023;294:582–604.
Google Scholar
Gross AC, Fox CK, Rudser KD, Foy AM, Kelly AS. Eating behaviours are different in youth with obesity and severe obesity. Clin Obes. 2016;6:68–72.
Google Scholar
Phelps NH, Singleton RK, Zhou B, Heap RA, Mishra A, Bennett JE, et al. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2024;403:1027–50.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The SAS Program for CDC Growth Charts that includes the extended BMI calculations. 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/growthcharts/resources/sas.htm (accessed September 26, 2024).
Thaker VV, Osganian SK, deFerranti SD, Sonneville KR, Cheng JK, Feldman HA, et al. Psychosocial, behavioral and clinical correlates of children with overweight and obesity. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20:291.
Google Scholar
van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1–67.
Tucker LR, Lewis C. A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika. 1973;38:1–10.
Bentler PM. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull. 1990;107:238–46.
Google Scholar
Boswell N, Byrne R, Davies PSW. Aetiology of eating behaviours: a possible mechanism to understand obesity development in early childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;95:438–48.
Google Scholar
Llewellyn CH, van Jaarsveld CH, Johnson L, Carnell S, Wardle J. Nature and nurture in infant appetite: analysis of the Gemini twin birth cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1172–9.
Google Scholar
Carnell S, Haworth CM, Plomin R, Wardle J. Genetic influence on appetite in children. Int J Obes. 2008;32:1468–73.
Google Scholar
Llewellyn CH, Trzaskowski M, van Jaarsveld CHM, Plomin R, Wardle J. Satiety mechanisms in genetic risk of obesity. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168:338–44.
Google Scholar
Schachter S. Obesity and eating. Science. 1968;161:751–6.
Google Scholar
Quah PL, Fries LR, Chan MJ, Fogel A, McCrickerd K, Goh AT, et al. Validation of the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 5 and 6 year-old children: the GUSTO cohort study. Front Psychol. 2019;10:824.
Google Scholar
Pérez-Escamilla R, Segura-Pérez S, Lott M, on behalf of the RWJF HER Expert Panel on Best Practices for Promoting Healthy Nutrition FP, and Weight Status for Infants and Toddlers from Birth to 24 Months. Feeding guidelines for infants and young toddlers: a responsive parenting approach. Durham, NC: Healthy Eating Research; 2017.
Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, Farooqi IS, Murad MH, Silverstein JH, et al. Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102:709–57.
Google Scholar
Helle C, Hillesund ER, Wills AK, Øverby NC. Evaluation of an eHealth intervention aiming to promote healthy food habits from infancy—the Norwegian randomized controlled trial Early Food for Future Health. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16:1.
Google Scholar
Boutelle KN, Eichen DM, Peterson CB, Strong DR, Kang-Sim DE, Rock CL, et al. Effect of a novel intervention targeting appetitive traits on body mass index among adults with overweight or obesity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2212354.
Google Scholar
Zervos K, Koletsi M, Mantzios M, Skopeliti N, Tsitsas G, Naska A. An eight-week mindful eating program applied in a Mediterranean population with overweight or obesity: the EATT Intervention Study. Psychol Rep. 2022;125:1011–40.
Google Scholar
Boutelle KN, Zucker N, Peterson CB, Rydell S, Carlson J, Harnack LJ. An intervention based on Schachter’s externality theory for overweight children: the regulation of cues pilot. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014;39:405–17.
Google Scholar
Boutelle KN, Kang Sim DE, Manzano M, Rhee KE, Crow SJ, Strong DR. Role of appetitive phenotype trajectory groups on child body weight during a family-based treatment for children with overweight or obesity. Int J Obes. 2019;43:2302–8.
Boutelle KN, Manzano MA, Pasquale EK, Bernard RS, Strong DR, Rhee KE, et al. Design of the FRESH-teen study: a randomized controlled trial evaluating an adapted emotion regulation weight loss program for adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parent. Contemp Clin Trials. 2024;145:107640.
Google Scholar
Rhee KE, Corbett T, Patel S, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Anderson C, et al. A randomized controlled trial examining general parenting training and family-based behavioral treatment for childhood obesity: the ReFRESH study design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2024;142:107562.
Google Scholar
